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Boley, Oklahoma is a small town located in Okfuskee County, in the heart of the state. It was founded in 1903 as a predominantly African American town and was one of the largest and most thriving all-black towns in the United States. Boley was established as part of the Land Run of 1899, when the Creek Nation allotted 160 acres of land to each Creek citizen.

The town’s population grew quickly as African Americans from the southern United States migrated to Oklahoma seeking better opportunities and a new start. Boley became a haven for African Americans who wanted to escape racial discrimination and oppression and to build a new, independent community for themselves.

During its peak in the early 1900s, Boley was home to more than 4,000 residents and had a thriving economy. The town had its own hospital, schools, banks, and a bustling main street with shops and businesses. It was also known for hosting the annual Boley Rodeo, one of the largest and most successful African American rodeos in the country.

Boley’s economy was based mainly on agriculture and the town was known for its fertile soil, which allowed residents to grow a variety of crops. The town also had a number of successful black-owned businesses, including grocery stores, barber shops, and entertainment venues.

In addition to its economic success, Boley was also a hub for African American culture and leadership. The town was known for its emphasis on education and many of its residents were highly educated and successful individuals. Boley also became a center for the civil rights movement in Oklahoma and served as a model for other African American towns striving for self-sufficiency and independence.

Today, Boley’s population has dwindled to around 1,000 residents, but the town still holds on to its rich history and heritage. The annual Boley Rodeo continues to be a major event in the area, and the town remains a significant symbol of African American resilience and perseverance in the face of adversity.